main/cryptsetup: upgrade to 2.4.0

Slightly change the flush-stdout.patch patch to also cover CRYPT_LOG_DEBUG and CRYPT_LOG_ERROR. Please note, it is presently unclear to me why this patch is needed in the first place and the issue referenced in the commit (24721fe3) adding this (#3471) no longer seems to exist.

Disable support for external tokens (new feature in 2.4.0) since it requires dlvsym which is a GNU extension that is presently not supported by musl libc. Similarly the all-symbols-test is affected by the same problem and thus disabled.