<2> By default, `sudo` only provides permissions to root. This translates as "people in the group `wheel` are allowed to perform any command, as any user, and any group."
<3> The wheel group mentioned above is the common "administrator" group, and since we're using it, we need to add our user to said group.
<4> You may need to log out and log back in for the group listing to update. `sudo -i` is the equivalent of `su -` otherwise.
<5> This will run "command with arguments" as the default `sudo` user - root.