community/bpftrace: fix BEGIN/END probes

Rebuild bpftrace with manual strip call to fix BEGIN/END probes as described in https://github.com/iovisor/bpftrace/issues/954

Fixes #12526 (closed).

Can be tested with:

bpftrace -e 'BEGIN { printf("begin\n"); } END { printf("end\n"); }'

cc @acj (maintainer) @mpolanski