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did not properly detect as error if name could not be satisfied
due to being available in tagged repository which is not enabled.

otherwise --force does might not work during boot.

caused upgrading package X with "apk add path/to/x...apk" where
the package file was not in any repository to not work properly.

broken in commit bfd53b59 (print: minor cleanup to indented writer).

Improves /etc/apk/repositories format so you can say:
http://nl.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v2.3/main
@edge http://nl.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main
@testing http://nl.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing

After which you can pin dependencies to these tags using:
 apk add stableapp newapp@edge bleedingapp@testing

Apk will now by default only use the untagged repositories,
but adding a tag to specific dependency:
 1. will prefer that tag for the name
 2. allowing pulling in dependencies from that tag (though,
    it prefers untagged packages to satisfy deps if possible)

fixes #575

One can now say in dependency "!foo<2" which means, that if foo is
installed, it needs to be >=2, but it's not a required dependency.

Should now choose packages better if the best available version
is uninstallable for some reason.

this prunes the search tree considerably and fixes a speed
regression introduced in an earlier commit.

We need to refresh all name states after backtracking as options
that were excluding due to topology ordering might have become
available.

allow per-name solver flags to be inheritable, and use them in
self-upgrade, add -u  and the fix applet. this gives more familiar
behaviour for the upgrades.

namely this fixes apk upgrade without --no-self-upgrade when
the solver is called twice.

the only bit of information needed in solver commit is the "hard"
topology sorting information for trigger ordering. fixes a bug in
"apk del" which uses the state pointers to do intermediate
calculations between solution solving and commit.

fixes #738

Deduce the world dependencies to remove locally, and same for the
additional messages about packages not deleted.

still todo:
  - 'fix' is missing
  - 'del -R' does not work
  - 'upgrade' does not do self-upgrade first

... and a lot of testing.

Allow to select packages that conflict in case we are looking for
errors. This allows 'add --force' to install (on boot) the set of
packages with minimum conflicts.

 * each package name has two sorting positions, one which causes
   install_if triggers to be run, and other for bulk dependencies
 * fix also inverted ordering of package installations

this allows quite some optimizations to running time and memory
requirements.

 * the solver no longer does look-ahead locking of names
   (could be possibly optimized later); instead names are now
   always ordered strictly to properly detect the package names
   which are unsolveable
 * basic error tests added, so we can see the most likely problem
   in dependencies easily

Packages that need (re-)installation but which are not available,
are excluded now properly.

The first found solution is the most preferred one then.

 * basic code for a backtracking, forward checking dependency satisfier
 * works better when there are tricky dependencies to solve
   (when can't just upgrade everything to most preferred versions)
 * the new code always evaluates all of 'world' constraints
   (old code just does incremental updates based on heuristics)
 * is probably somewhat slower than old code (probably unnoticeable
   difference in most cases)
 * makes easier to write support for provides and repository pinning
 * test applet and a bunch of test cases added which uses the new code
 * from the old feature set install_if is not yet implemented