fixes #4040

issue cought by fortify

apk in alpine 3.1 already supports this optimization, but kept
the database format. now is time to start using this feature.

ref #3027

fixes #4040

fixes #4019

ref #3027

ref #3027

Package pinning was first implemented with 'p' tag. However, it
was before any release renamed to 's', and 'p' was reserved for
package provides support for which is used now.

fixes #3840

this makes 'lbu diff' and aaudit diffs nice when a world
dependency is added or removed. sorting also makes the ordering
more deterministic as the world targets constraints are always
applied in the same order. test suite updated accordingly.

using space was for backwards compatibility with apk-tools 2.2.2
and earlier (from January 2012)

the location changed in apk-tools 2.1.0 (March 2011) which was
used in Alpine Linux 2.2.

when removing large sets of packets, the ordering of removal
was not quaranteed to honor dependencies. this fixes the removal
order to be in reverse dependency order as far as possible.

In case all applet arguments are packages names (that is are not
including wildcards), return error if they do not match to some
package.

Kaarle Ritvanen authored Nov 03, 2014 and Timo Teräs committed Nov 03, 2014

Allows running apk as an unprivileged user, e.g. with fakeroot.
Opening the lock file fails without the write permission.

there are only few combinations for that triplet, and they
occur multiple times reducing the struct sizes a bit. make
sane defaults and prepare to not write defaults to disk
to reduce on-disk installed db size.

Add also a new 'commit' group that is the common options
for all applets that can commit package changes.

fixes #3371

Apk used to reset directory permissions always, but this is undesirable
if user has modified the permissions - especially during tmpfs boot.
Though, it is desirable to update the permissions when packaging has
changed permissions, or a new package is installed and the merged
permission mask / owner changes.

Thus the new code updates the permissions only if:
 1) We are booting and directory is not in apkovl
 2) The directory is modified by a package install/remove/upgrade
 3) The filesystem directory permission matched database

Additionally "apk fix --directory-permissions" can be used to reset
all directory permissions to the database defaults.

Fixes #2966

This makes sure any conflicted packages will be removed first.
Useful if we know there are conflicting files, and want to avoid
adding potentially harmful replaces line. Add a test case for
this too.

Also if --purge is specified delete all uninstalled packages.
Fixes #2889