solver.c

/* solver.c - Alpine Package Keeper (APK)
 * Up- and down-propagating, forwarding checking, deductive dependency solver.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2013 Timo Teräs <timo.teras@iki.fi>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
 */

#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include "apk_defines.h"
#include "apk_database.h"
#include "apk_package.h"
#include "apk_solver.h"

#include "apk_print.h"

//#define DEBUG_PRINT

#ifdef DEBUG_PRINT
#include <stdio.h>
#define dbg_printf(args...) fprintf(stderr, args)
#else
#define dbg_printf(args...)
#endif

#define ASSERT(cond, fmt...)	if (!(cond)) { apk_error(fmt); *(char*)NULL = 0; }

struct apk_solver_state {
	struct apk_database *db;
	struct apk_changeset *changeset;
	struct list_head dirty_head;
	struct list_head unresolved_head;
	unsigned int errors;
	unsigned int solver_flags_inherit;
	unsigned int pinning_inherit;
	unsigned int default_repos;
	unsigned ignore_conflict : 1;
};

static struct apk_provider provider_none = {
	.pkg = NULL,
	.version = &apk_atom_null
};

void apk_solver_set_name_flags(struct apk_name *name,
			       unsigned short solver_flags,
			       unsigned short solver_flags_inheritable)
{
	struct apk_provider *p;

	foreach_array_item(p, name->providers) {
		struct apk_package *pkg = p->pkg;
		dbg_printf("marking '" PKG_VER_FMT "' = 0x%04x / 0x%04x\n",
			PKG_VER_PRINTF(pkg), solver_flags, solver_flags_inheritable);
		pkg->ss.solver_flags |= solver_flags;
		pkg->ss.solver_flags_inheritable |= solver_flags_inheritable;
	}
}

static int get_tag(struct apk_database *db, unsigned int pinning_mask, unsigned int repos)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < db->num_repo_tags; i++) {
		if (!(BIT(i) & pinning_mask))
			continue;
		if (db->repo_tags[i].allowed_repos & repos)
			return i;
	}
	return APK_DEFAULT_REPOSITORY_TAG;
}

static unsigned int get_pkg_repos(struct apk_database *db, struct apk_package *pkg)
{
	return pkg->repos | (pkg->ipkg ? db->repo_tags[pkg->ipkg->repository_tag].allowed_repos : 0);
}

static void mark_error(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *pkg, const char *reason)
{
	if (pkg == NULL || pkg->ss.error)
		return;
	dbg_printf("ERROR PKG: %s: %s\n", pkg->name->name, reason);
	pkg->ss.error = 1;
	ss->errors++;
}

static void queue_dirty(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	if (list_hashed(&name->ss.dirty_list) || name->ss.locked ||
	    (name->ss.requirers == 0 && !name->ss.reevaluate_iif))
		return;

	dbg_printf("queue_dirty: %s\n", name->name);
	list_add_tail(&name->ss.dirty_list, &ss->dirty_head);
}

static void queue_unresolved(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	int want;

	if (name->ss.locked)
		return;

	want = (name->ss.requirers > 0) || (name->ss.has_iif);
	dbg_printf("queue_unresolved: %s, want=%d (requirers=%d, has_iif=%d)\n", name->name, want, name->ss.requirers, name->ss.has_iif);
	if (want && !list_hashed(&name->ss.unresolved_list))
		list_add(&name->ss.unresolved_list, &ss->unresolved_head);
	else if (!want && list_hashed(&name->ss.unresolved_list))
		list_del_init(&name->ss.unresolved_list);
}

static void reevaluate_reverse_deps(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	struct apk_name **pname0, *name0;

	foreach_array_item(pname0, name->rdepends) {
		name0 = *pname0;
		if (!name0->ss.seen)
			continue;
		name0->ss.reevaluate_deps = 1;
		queue_dirty(ss, name0);
	}
}

static void reevaluate_reverse_installif(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	struct apk_name **pname0, *name0;

	foreach_array_item(pname0, name->rinstall_if) {
		name0 = *pname0;
		if (!name0->ss.seen)
			continue;
		if (name0->ss.no_iif)
			continue;
		name0->ss.reevaluate_iif = 1;
		queue_dirty(ss, name0);
	}
}

static void disqualify_package(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *pkg, const char *reason)
{
	struct apk_dependency *p;

	dbg_printf("disqualify_package: " PKG_VER_FMT " (%s)\n", PKG_VER_PRINTF(pkg), reason);
	pkg->ss.pkg_selectable = 0;
	reevaluate_reverse_deps(ss, pkg->name);
	foreach_array_item(p, pkg->provides)
		reevaluate_reverse_deps(ss, p->name);
	reevaluate_reverse_installif(ss, pkg->name);
}

static int dependency_satisfiable(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_dependency *dep)
{
	struct apk_name *name = dep->name;
	struct apk_provider *p;

	if (dep->conflict && ss->ignore_conflict)
		return TRUE;

	if (name->ss.locked)
		return apk_dep_is_provided(dep, &name->ss.chosen);

	if (name->ss.requirers == 0 && apk_dep_is_provided(dep, &provider_none))
		return TRUE;

	foreach_array_item(p, name->providers)
		if (p->pkg->ss.pkg_selectable && apk_dep_is_provided(dep, p))
			return TRUE;

	return FALSE;
}

static void discover_name(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	struct apk_database *db = ss->db;
	struct apk_name **pname0;
	struct apk_provider *p;
	struct apk_dependency *dep;
	unsigned int repos;

	if (name->ss.seen)
		return;

	name->ss.seen = 1;
	name->ss.no_iif = 1;
	foreach_array_item(p, name->providers) {
		struct apk_package *pkg = p->pkg;
		if (!pkg->ss.seen) {
			pkg->ss.seen = 1;
			pkg->ss.pinning_allowed = APK_DEFAULT_PINNING_MASK;
			pkg->ss.pinning_preferred = APK_DEFAULT_PINNING_MASK;
			pkg->ss.pkg_available =
				(pkg->filename != NULL) ||
				(pkg->repos & db->available_repos & ~BIT(APK_REPOSITORY_CACHED));
			/* Package is in 'cached' repository if filename is provided,
			 * or it's a 'virtual' package with install_size zero */
			pkg->ss.pkg_selectable =
				(pkg->repos & db->available_repos) ||
				pkg->cached_non_repository ||
				pkg->ipkg;

			/* Prune install_if packages that are no longer available,
			 * currently works only if SOLVERF_AVAILABLE is set in the
			 * global solver flags. */
			pkg->ss.iif_failed =
				(pkg->install_if->num == 0) ||
				((ss->solver_flags_inherit & APK_SOLVERF_AVAILABLE) &&
				 !pkg->ss.pkg_available);

			repos = get_pkg_repos(db, pkg);
			pkg->ss.tag_preferred =
				(pkg->filename != NULL) ||
				(pkg->installed_size == 0) ||
				(repos & ss->default_repos);
			pkg->ss.tag_ok =
				pkg->ss.tag_preferred ||
				pkg->cached_non_repository ||
				pkg->ipkg;

			foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->depends) {
				discover_name(ss, dep->name);
				pkg->ss.max_dep_chain = max(pkg->ss.max_dep_chain,
							    dep->name->ss.max_dep_chain+1);
			}

			dbg_printf("discover " PKG_VER_FMT ": tag_ok=%d, tag_pref=%d max_dep_chain=%d selectable=%d\n",
				PKG_VER_PRINTF(pkg),
				pkg->ss.tag_ok,
				pkg->ss.tag_preferred,
				pkg->ss.max_dep_chain,
				pkg->ss.pkg_selectable);
		}

		name->ss.no_iif &= pkg->ss.iif_failed;
		name->ss.max_dep_chain = max(name->ss.max_dep_chain, pkg->ss.max_dep_chain);

		dbg_printf("discover %s: max_dep_chain=%d no_iif=%d\n",
			name->name, name->ss.max_dep_chain, name->ss.no_iif);
	}
	foreach_array_item(pname0, name->rinstall_if)
		discover_name(ss, *pname0);
}

static void name_requirers_changed(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	queue_unresolved(ss, name);
	reevaluate_reverse_installif(ss, name);
	queue_dirty(ss, name);
}

static void inherit_pinning_and_flags(
	struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *pkg, struct apk_package *ppkg)
{
	unsigned int repos = get_pkg_repos(ss->db, pkg);

	if (ppkg != NULL) {
		/* inherited */
		pkg->ss.solver_flags |= ppkg->ss.solver_flags_inheritable;
		pkg->ss.solver_flags_inheritable |= ppkg->ss.solver_flags_inheritable;
		pkg->ss.pinning_allowed |= ppkg->ss.pinning_allowed;
	} else {
		/* world dependency */
		pkg->ss.solver_flags |= ss->solver_flags_inherit;
		pkg->ss.solver_flags_inheritable |= ss->solver_flags_inherit;
		pkg->ss.pinning_allowed |= ss->pinning_inherit;
		/* also prefer main pinnings */
		pkg->ss.pinning_preferred = ss->pinning_inherit;
		pkg->ss.tag_preferred = !!(repos & apk_db_get_pinning_mask_repos(ss->db, pkg->ss.pinning_preferred));
	}
	pkg->ss.tag_ok |= !!(repos & apk_db_get_pinning_mask_repos(ss->db, pkg->ss.pinning_allowed));

	dbg_printf(PKG_VER_FMT ": tag_ok=%d, tag_pref=%d\n",
		PKG_VER_PRINTF(pkg), pkg->ss.tag_ok, pkg->ss.tag_preferred);
}

static void apply_constraint(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *ppkg, struct apk_dependency *dep)
{
	struct apk_name *name = dep->name;
	struct apk_provider *p0;
	int is_provided;

	dbg_printf("    apply_constraint: %s%s%s" BLOB_FMT "\n",
		dep->conflict ? "!" : "",
		name->name,
		apk_version_op_string(dep->result_mask),
		BLOB_PRINTF(*dep->version));

	if (dep->conflict && ss->ignore_conflict)
		return;

	name->ss.requirers += !dep->conflict;
	if (name->ss.requirers == 1 && !dep->conflict)
		name_requirers_changed(ss, name);

	foreach_array_item(p0, name->providers) {
		struct apk_package *pkg0 = p0->pkg;

		is_provided = apk_dep_is_provided(dep, p0);
		dbg_printf("    apply_constraint: provider: %s-" BLOB_FMT ": %d\n",
			pkg0->name->name, BLOB_PRINTF(*p0->version), is_provided);

		pkg0->ss.conflicts += !is_provided;
		if (unlikely(pkg0->ss.pkg_selectable && pkg0->ss.conflicts))
			disqualify_package(ss, pkg0, "conflicting dependency");

		if (is_provided)
			inherit_pinning_and_flags(ss, pkg0, ppkg);
	}
}

static void exclude_non_providers(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name, struct apk_name *must_provide, int skip_virtuals)
{
	struct apk_provider *p;
	struct apk_dependency *d;

	if (name == must_provide || ss->ignore_conflict)
		return;

	dbg_printf("%s must provide %s (skip_virtuals=%d)\n", name->name, must_provide->name, skip_virtuals);

	foreach_array_item(p, name->providers) {
		if (p->pkg->name == must_provide || !p->pkg->ss.pkg_selectable ||
		    (skip_virtuals && p->version == &apk_atom_null))
			goto next;
		foreach_array_item(d, p->pkg->provides)
			if (d->name == must_provide || (skip_virtuals && d->version == &apk_atom_null))
				goto next;
		disqualify_package(ss, p->pkg, "provides transitivity");
	next: ;
	}
}

static inline int merge_index(unsigned short *index, int num_options)
{
	if (*index != num_options) return 0;
	*index = num_options + 1;
	return 1;
}

static inline int merge_index_complete(unsigned short *index, int num_options)
{
	int ret;

	ret = (*index == num_options);
	*index = 0;

	return ret;
}

static void reconsider_name(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	struct apk_name *name0, **pname0;
	struct apk_dependency *dep;
	struct apk_package *first_candidate = NULL, *pkg;
	struct apk_provider *p;
	int reevaluate_deps, reevaluate_iif;
	int num_options = 0, num_tag_not_ok = 0, has_iif = 0, no_iif = 1;

	dbg_printf("reconsider_name: %s\n", name->name);

	reevaluate_deps = name->ss.reevaluate_deps;
	reevaluate_iif = name->ss.reevaluate_iif;
	name->ss.reevaluate_deps = 0;
	name->ss.reevaluate_iif = 0;

	/* propagate down by merging common dependencies and
	 * applying new constraints */
	foreach_array_item(p, name->providers) {
		/* check if this pkg's dependencies have become unsatisfiable */
		pkg = p->pkg;
		pkg->ss.dependencies_merged = 0;
		if (reevaluate_deps) {
			if (!pkg->ss.pkg_selectable)
				continue;
			foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->depends) {
				if (!dependency_satisfiable(ss, dep)) {
					disqualify_package(ss, pkg, "dependency no longer satisfiable");
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		if (!pkg->ss.pkg_selectable)
			continue;

		if (reevaluate_iif &&
		    (pkg->ss.iif_triggered == 0 &&
		     pkg->ss.iif_failed == 0)) {
			pkg->ss.iif_triggered = 1;
			pkg->ss.iif_failed = 0;
			foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->install_if) {
				if (!dep->name->ss.locked) {
					pkg->ss.iif_triggered = 0;
					pkg->ss.iif_failed = 0;
					break;
				}
				if (!apk_dep_is_provided(dep, &dep->name->ss.chosen)) {
					pkg->ss.iif_triggered = 0;
					pkg->ss.iif_failed = 1;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		if (reevaluate_iif && pkg->ss.iif_triggered) {
			foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->install_if)
				inherit_pinning_and_flags(ss, pkg, dep->name->ss.chosen.pkg);
		}
		has_iif |= pkg->ss.iif_triggered;
		no_iif  &= pkg->ss.iif_failed;
		dbg_printf("  "PKG_VER_FMT": iif_triggered=%d iif_failed=%d, no_iif=%d\n",
			PKG_VER_PRINTF(pkg), pkg->ss.iif_triggered, pkg->ss.iif_failed,
			no_iif);

		if (name->ss.requirers == 0)
			continue;

		/* merge common dependencies */
		pkg->ss.dependencies_merged = 1;
		if (first_candidate == NULL)
			first_candidate = pkg;

		/* FIXME: can merge also conflicts */
		foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->depends)
			if (!dep->conflict)
				merge_index(&dep->name->ss.merge_depends, num_options);

		if (merge_index(&pkg->name->ss.merge_provides, num_options))
			pkg->name->ss.has_virtual_provides |= (p->version == &apk_atom_null);
		foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->provides)
			if (merge_index(&dep->name->ss.merge_provides, num_options))
				dep->name->ss.has_virtual_provides |= (dep->version == &apk_atom_null);

		num_tag_not_ok += !pkg->ss.tag_ok;
		num_options++;
	}
	name->ss.has_options = (num_options > 1 || num_tag_not_ok > 0);
	name->ss.has_iif = has_iif;
	name->ss.no_iif = no_iif;
	queue_unresolved(ss, name);

	if (first_candidate != NULL) {
		pkg = first_candidate;
		foreach_array_item(p, name->providers)
			p->pkg->ss.dependencies_used = p->pkg->ss.dependencies_merged;

		/* propagate down common dependencies */
		if (num_options == 1) {
			/* FIXME: keeps increasing counts, use bit fields instead? */
			foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->depends)
				if (merge_index_complete(&dep->name->ss.merge_depends, num_options))
					apply_constraint(ss, pkg, dep);
		} else {
			/* FIXME: could merge versioning bits too */
			foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->depends) {
				name0 = dep->name;
				if (merge_index_complete(&name0->ss.merge_depends, num_options) &&
				    name0->ss.requirers == 0) {
					/* common dependency name with all */
					dbg_printf("%s common dependency: %s\n",
						   name->name, name0->name);
					name0->ss.requirers++;
					name_requirers_changed(ss, name0);
					foreach_array_item(p, name0->providers)
						inherit_pinning_and_flags(ss, p->pkg, pkg);
				}
			}
		}

		/* provides transitivity */
		if (merge_index_complete(&pkg->name->ss.merge_provides, num_options))
			exclude_non_providers(ss, pkg->name, name, pkg->name->ss.has_virtual_provides);
		foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->provides)
			if (merge_index_complete(&dep->name->ss.merge_provides, num_options))
				exclude_non_providers(ss, dep->name, name, dep->name->ss.has_virtual_provides);

		pkg->name->ss.has_virtual_provides = 0;
		foreach_array_item(dep, pkg->provides)
			dep->name->ss.has_virtual_provides = 0;
	}

	name->ss.reverse_deps_done = 1;
	foreach_array_item(pname0, name->rdepends) {
		name0 = *pname0;
		if (name0->ss.seen && !name0->ss.locked) {
			name->ss.reverse_deps_done = 0;
			break;
		}
	}

	dbg_printf("reconsider_name: %s [finished], has_options=%d, reverse_deps_done=%d\n",
		name->name, name->ss.has_options, name->ss.reverse_deps_done);
}

static int compare_providers(struct apk_solver_state *ss,
			     struct apk_provider *pA, struct apk_provider *pB)
{
	struct apk_database *db = ss->db;
	struct apk_package *pkgA = pA->pkg, *pkgB = pB->pkg;
	unsigned int solver_flags;
	int r;

	/* Prefer existing package */
	if (pkgA == NULL || pkgB == NULL) {
		dbg_printf("   prefer existing package\n");
		return (pkgA != NULL) - (pkgB != NULL);
	}

	/* Latest version required? */
	solver_flags = pkgA->ss.solver_flags | pkgB->ss.solver_flags;
	if ((solver_flags & APK_SOLVERF_LATEST) &&
	    (pkgA->ss.pinning_allowed == APK_DEFAULT_PINNING_MASK) &&
	    (pkgB->ss.pinning_allowed == APK_DEFAULT_PINNING_MASK)) {
		/* Prefer allowed pinning */
		r = (int)pkgA->ss.tag_ok - (int)pkgB->ss.tag_ok;
		if (r) {
			dbg_printf("    prefer allowed pinning\n");
			return r;
		}

		/* Prefer available */
		if (solver_flags & APK_SOLVERF_AVAILABLE) {
			r = (int)pkgA->ss.pkg_available - (int)pkgB->ss.pkg_available;
			if (r) {
				dbg_printf("    prefer available\n");
				return r;
			}
		} else if (solver_flags & APK_SOLVERF_REINSTALL) {
			r = (int)pkgA->ss.pkg_selectable - (int)pkgB->ss.pkg_selectable;
			if (r) {
				dbg_printf("    prefer available (reinstall)\n");
				return r;
			}
		}
	} else {
		/* Prefer without errors */
		r = (int)pkgA->ss.pkg_selectable - (int)pkgB->ss.pkg_selectable;
		if (r) {
			dbg_printf("    prefer without errors\n");
			return r;
		}

		/* Prefer those that were in last dependency merging group */
		r = (int)pkgA->ss.dependencies_used - (int)pkgB->ss.dependencies_used;
		if (r) {
			dbg_printf("    prefer those that were in last dependency merging group\n");
			return r;
		}
		r = pkgB->ss.conflicts - pkgA->ss.conflicts;
		if (r) {
			dbg_printf("    prefer those that were in last dependency merging group (#2)\n");
			return r;
		}

		/* Prefer installed on self-upgrade */
		if ((db->performing_self_upgrade && !(solver_flags & APK_SOLVERF_UPGRADE)) ||
		    (solver_flags & APK_SOLVERF_INSTALLED)) {
			r = (pkgA->ipkg != NULL) - (pkgB->ipkg != NULL);
			if (r) {
				dbg_printf("    prefer installed\n");
				return r;
			}
		}

		/* Prefer allowed pinning */
		r = (int)pkgA->ss.tag_ok - (int)pkgB->ss.tag_ok;
		if (r) {
			dbg_printf("    prefer allowed pinning\n");
			return r;
		}

		/* Prefer available */
		if (solver_flags & APK_SOLVERF_AVAILABLE) {
			r = (int)pkgA->ss.pkg_available - (int)pkgB->ss.pkg_available;
			if (r) {
				dbg_printf("    prefer available\n");
				return r;
			}
		}

		/* Prefer preferred pinning */
		r = (int)pkgA->ss.tag_preferred - (int)pkgB->ss.tag_preferred;
		if (r) {
			dbg_printf("    prefer preferred pinning\n");
			return r;
		}

		/* Prefer installed */
		if (!(solver_flags & APK_SOLVERF_UPGRADE)) {
			r = (pkgA->ipkg != NULL) - (pkgB->ipkg != NULL);
			if (r) {
				dbg_printf("    prefer installed\n");
				return r;
			}
		}
	}

	/* Select latest by requested name */
	switch (apk_version_compare_blob(*pA->version, *pB->version)) {
	case APK_VERSION_LESS:
		dbg_printf("    select latest by requested name (less)\n");
		return -1;
	case APK_VERSION_GREATER:
		dbg_printf("    select latest by requested name (greater)\n");
		return 1;
	}

	/* Select latest by principal name */
	if (pkgA->name == pkgB->name) {
		switch (apk_version_compare_blob(*pkgA->version, *pkgB->version)) {
		case APK_VERSION_LESS:
			dbg_printf("    select latest by principal name (less)\n");
			return -1;
		case APK_VERSION_GREATER:
			dbg_printf("    select latest by principal name (greater)\n");
			return 1;
		}
	}

	/* Prefer installed (matches here if upgrading) */
	r = (pkgA->ipkg != NULL) - (pkgB->ipkg != NULL);
	if (r) {
		dbg_printf("    prefer installed (upgrading)\n");
		return r;
	}

	/* Prefer highest declared provider priority. */
	r = pkgA->provider_priority - pkgB->provider_priority;
	if (r) {
		dbg_printf("    prefer highest declared provider priority\n");
		return r;
	}

	/* Prefer without errors (mostly if --latest used, and different provider) */
	r = (int)pkgA->ss.pkg_selectable - (int)pkgB->ss.pkg_selectable;
	if (r) {
		dbg_printf("    prefer without errors (#2)\n");
		return r;
	}

	/* Prefer lowest available repository */
	dbg_printf("    prefer lowest available repository\n");
	return ffs(pkgB->repos) - ffs(pkgA->repos);
}

static void assign_name(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name, struct apk_provider p)
{
	struct apk_provider *p0;

	if (name->ss.locked) {
		/* If both are providing this name without version, it's ok */
		if (p.version == &apk_atom_null &&
		    name->ss.chosen.version == &apk_atom_null)
			return;
		if (ss->ignore_conflict)
			return;
		/* Conflict: providing same name */
		mark_error(ss, p.pkg, "conflict: same name provided");
		mark_error(ss, name->ss.chosen.pkg, "conflict: same name provided");
		return;
	}

	if (p.pkg)
		dbg_printf("assign %s to "PKG_VER_FMT"\n", name->name, PKG_VER_PRINTF(p.pkg));

	name->ss.locked = 1;
	name->ss.chosen = p;
	if (list_hashed(&name->ss.unresolved_list))
		list_del(&name->ss.unresolved_list);
	if (list_hashed(&name->ss.dirty_list))
		list_del(&name->ss.dirty_list);

	/* disqualify all conflicting packages */
	if (!ss->ignore_conflict) {
		foreach_array_item(p0, name->providers) {
			if (p0->pkg == p.pkg)
				continue;
			if (p.version == &apk_atom_null &&
			    p0->version == &apk_atom_null)
				continue;
			disqualify_package(ss, p0->pkg, "conflicting provides");
		}
	}
	reevaluate_reverse_deps(ss, name);
	reevaluate_reverse_installif(ss, name);
}

static void select_package(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	struct apk_provider chosen = { NULL, &apk_atom_null }, *p;
	struct apk_package *pkg = NULL;
	struct apk_dependency *d;

	dbg_printf("select_package: %s (requirers=%d, iif=%d)\n", name->name, name->ss.requirers, name->ss.has_iif);

	if (name->ss.requirers || name->ss.has_iif) {
		foreach_array_item(p, name->providers) {
			dbg_printf("  consider "PKG_VER_FMT" iif_triggered=%d, tag_ok=%d, selectable=%d, available=%d, flags=0x%x, provider_priority=%d, installed=%d\n",
				PKG_VER_PRINTF(p->pkg),
				p->pkg->ss.iif_triggered, p->pkg->ss.tag_ok,
				p->pkg->ss.pkg_selectable, p->pkg->ss.pkg_available,
				p->pkg->ss.solver_flags,
				p->pkg->provider_priority, p->pkg->ipkg != NULL);
			/* Ensure valid pinning and install-if trigger */
			if (name->ss.requirers == 0 &&
			    (!p->pkg->ss.iif_triggered ||
			     !p->pkg->ss.tag_ok)) {
				dbg_printf("    ignore: invalid install-if trigger or invalid pinning\n");
				continue;
			}
			/* Virtual packages without provider_priority cannot be autoselected,
			 * unless there is only one provider */
			if (p->version == &apk_atom_null &&
			    p->pkg->name->auto_select_virtual == 0 &&
			    p->pkg->name->ss.requirers == 0 &&
			    (p->pkg->provider_priority == 0 && name->providers->num > 1)) {
				dbg_printf("    ignore: virtual package without provider_priority with >1 provider\n");
				continue;
			}
			if (compare_providers(ss, p, &chosen) > 0) {
				dbg_printf("    choose as new provider\n");
				chosen = *p;
			}
		}
	}

	pkg = chosen.pkg;
	if (pkg) {
		if (!pkg->ss.pkg_selectable || !pkg->ss.tag_ok) {
			/* Selecting broken or unallowed package */
			mark_error(ss, pkg, "broken package / tag not ok");
		}
		dbg_printf("selecting: " PKG_VER_FMT ", available: %d\n", PKG_VER_PRINTF(pkg), pkg->ss.pkg_selectable);

		assign_name(ss, pkg->name, APK_PROVIDER_FROM_PACKAGE(pkg));
		foreach_array_item(d, pkg->provides)
			assign_name(ss, d->name, APK_PROVIDER_FROM_PROVIDES(pkg, d));

		foreach_array_item(d, pkg->depends)
			apply_constraint(ss, pkg, d);
	} else {
		dbg_printf("selecting: %s [unassigned]\n", name->name);
		assign_name(ss, name, provider_none);
		if (name->ss.requirers > 0) {
			dbg_printf("ERROR NO-PROVIDER: %s\n", name->name);
			ss->errors++;
		}
	}
}

static void record_change(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *opkg, struct apk_package *npkg)
{
	struct apk_changeset *changeset = ss->changeset;
	struct apk_change *change;

	change = apk_change_array_add(&changeset->changes);
	*change = (struct apk_change) {
		.old_pkg = opkg,
		.old_repository_tag = opkg ? opkg->ipkg->repository_tag : 0,
		.new_pkg = npkg,
		.new_repository_tag = npkg ? get_tag(ss->db, npkg->ss.pinning_allowed, get_pkg_repos(ss->db, npkg)) : 0,
		.reinstall = npkg ? !!(npkg->ss.solver_flags & APK_SOLVERF_REINSTALL) : 0,
	};
	if (npkg == NULL)
		changeset->num_remove++;
	else if (opkg == NULL)
		changeset->num_install++;
	else if (npkg != opkg || change->reinstall || change->new_repository_tag != change->old_repository_tag)
		changeset->num_adjust++;
}

static void cset_gen_name_change(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name);
static void cset_gen_name_remove(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *pkg);
static void cset_gen_dep(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *ppkg, struct apk_dependency *dep);

static void cset_track_deps_added(struct apk_package *pkg)
{
	struct apk_dependency *d;

	foreach_array_item(d, pkg->depends) {
		if (d->conflict || !d->name->ss.installed_name)
			continue;
		d->name->ss.installed_name->ss.requirers++;
	}
}

static void cset_track_deps_removed(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *pkg)
{
	struct apk_dependency *d;
	struct apk_package *pkg0;

	foreach_array_item(d, pkg->depends) {
		if (d->conflict || !d->name->ss.installed_name)
			continue;
		if (--d->name->ss.installed_name->ss.requirers > 0)
			continue;
		pkg0 = d->name->ss.installed_pkg;
		if (pkg0 != NULL)
			cset_gen_name_remove(ss, pkg0);
	}
}

static void cset_check_removal_by_deps(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_package *pkg)
{
	/* NOTE: an orphaned package name may have 0 requirers because it is now being satisfied
	 * through an alternate provider.  In these cases, we will handle this later as an adjustment
	 * operation using cset_gen_name_change().  As such, only insert a removal into the transaction
	 * if there is no other resolved provider.
	 */
	if (pkg->name->ss.requirers == 0 && pkg->name->ss.chosen.pkg == NULL)
		cset_gen_name_remove(ss, pkg);
}

static void cset_check_install_by_iif(struct apk_solver_state *ss, struct apk_name *name)
{
	struct apk_package *pkg = name->ss.chosen.pkg;
	struct apk_dependency *dep0;

	if (pkg == NULL || !name->ss.seen || name->ss.in_changeset)
		return;